英文书籍简介

Chemosensitivity.
Vol. 1: In Vitro Assays.
Vol. 2: In Vivo
Models, Imaging, and Molecular Regulators. In:
Blumenthal RD, editor. Methods in Molecular Medicine™.
Series. J.M. Walker Totowa: Humana Press; 2005.

Chemosensitivity testing is an ex vivo means of determining
or enhancing the cytotoxic and/or cytostatic, or apoptosis-inducing
effects of anticancer drugs. In Chemosensitivity, leading
researchers and physicians working in academia and biotech
companies describe state-of-the-art laboratory methods for assessing
chemosensitivity both in vitro and in vivo, and for assessing
the parameters that modulate chemosensitivity in individual
tumors.
Volume 1: In Vitro Assays provides a panel of 16 in vitro
measures of chemosensitivity in adherent and nonadherent
cells for single agents and combinations of agents. In addition
to immunohistochemical and imaging approaches, these assays
include clonogenic, colorimetric, and physiological assays.
Highlights include image analysis to assess drug sensitivity,
high-throughput approaches using green fluorescent protein,
DIMSCAN (a microcomputer fluorescence-based assay), and
the ChemoFx assay used in biotechnology.
The protocols follow
the successful Methods in Molecular Medicine™ series format,
each offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction
outlining the principles of the technique, lists of the
necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting
and avoiding known pitfalls. The book also provides guidance
on how best to analyze the data derived from the protocols.
Volume 2: In Vivo Models, Imaging, and Molecular Regulators
contains today’s best protocols for classifying tumors into
response categories and for customizing a therapy to individuals.
These techniques allow measurements of DNA damage,
apoptotic cell death, and the molecular and cellular regulators
of cytotoxicity, as well as in vivo animal modeling of chemosensitivity.
Highlights include genomic and proteomic approaches
to assess chemosensitivity, in vivo imaging approaches
to assess early response to therapy, and methods to
statistically analyze data from in vivo therapy.
Available online 26 October 2005
CHEMOSENSITIVITY IN THE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL
TRACT IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH
FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA
L. Pipal, J. Hammer°. Medical University of Vienna, AKH Wien, Vienna,
Austria
Introduction: Capsaicin is an established tool in the study of chemoand
thermonociception; chemonociception in the gastrointestinal tract is
largely unexplored.
Aim: to evaluate perception induced by intraluminal capsaicin in the upper
gastroinestinal tract.
Methods: Healthy subjects swallowed a tube for pressure controlled random
balloon distensions and infusion of capsaicin solutions (200 m g/ml;
25 ml/min) in the mid-duodenum (n = 8) or the proximal jejunum (n = 8)
until discomfort arose. 25 additional volunteers and 30 patients with functional
dyspepsia (FD) swallowed a capsule containing 0.75 mg capsaicin
powder. Graded questionnaires evaluated quality and severity of sensations
during distensions, capsaicin infusion and 30 minutes after ingestion of
capsaicin capsules, respectively.
Results: Intestinal distension and capsaicin perfusion dose dependently induced
sensations. Most prominent sensations evoked by capsaicin infusion
were pressure, cramps, pain and nausea; nausea and warmth were more
intense during capsaicin infusion than distension (p<0.05, duodenum and
jejunum), pain was more intense during distension (p<0.05, duodenum
only). Perception scores at the time of discomfort were comparable during
capsaicin infusion and during distension (NS). Ingestion of capsaicin
capsules mainly induced sensations of pressure, heartburn, and warmth
both in health and FD-patients, however, perception scores were significantly
higher in patients with FD (12.2±5.6) than healthy controls
(6.3±2.9)(p<0.001).
Summary: Capsaicin application into the upper gastrointestinal tract
reproducibly induced upper abdominal sensation. Qualitative features
distinguished chemically from mechanically induced sensations. Patients
with FD are hypersensitive for capsaicin. Activation of chemical pathways
might be a useful human pain model activating nociceptors apart from
mechanical stimulation.